Brick Paving Machine

Wheel Tractor Scraper (Engineering Vehicle)

The wheel tractor scraper  or a motor scraper, propelled by at least one engine and mounted on large rubber tires, consists of a bowl, which is used to haul and unload materials (topsoil that has been cut into using the scraper’s blade). Other features vary depending on the type. The material stripped from the earth by a non-self-loading scraper is loaded with the assistance of another unit, such as a crawler tractor. There are four main types of motor scrapers: standard motor, elevating, auger, and push-pull.

Standard Motor Scraper

A standard motor scraper is comprised of a bowl, an apron to drop down over a load of material in order to retain it, and an ejector to hydraulically push out the load. Due to its hydraulic system, these components can all function independently. Standard motor scrapers can vary in the number of engines, bowls, and wheels they include.

Elevating Scraper

Instead of an apron, these machines include a hydraulically- or electrically-driven elevator made of two chains equipped with a series of crossbars. The elevator’s purpose is to aid in loading material into the scraper’s elevating bowl. Dumping material is achieved by sliding the floor of the bowl backwards, the elevator can be reversed in order to assist in dumping the load evenly.

Auger

The auger is a self-loading type of scraper. Two vertical augers are mounted inside the bowl. They are hydraulically rotated, assisting in raising material into the bowl. In an auger as well as an elevating scraper, a full load is always certain—the same amount of power is needed for the first yard of material as for the last.

Push Pull

This is a system enabling the scraper to be pushed or pulled. It is achieved by coupling two standard scrapers during the loading of material. By employing this system, the machines can self-load, as the four engines’ power is used simultaneously to load each bowl in turn.

Paver (Engineering Vehicle)

A paver (usually meant by Asphalt Paver) is a machine that distributes and shapes asphalt, a combination of aggregate and a binding agent that is used for paving roads. The asphalt is laid on an area such as a roadway or a parking lot by an asphalt paver, which also completes the task of compacting it.

Though some asphalt pavers are towed by the truck that provides the asphalt, most today are self propelled and diesel-fueled. Smaller, towed pavers usually have 3-20 horsepower, whereas larger self propelled versions have between 100-250 horsepower.

Roadheader (Engineering Vehicle)

A roadheader, also called a header machine, is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a boom-mounted cutting head, a loading device usually involving a conveyor, and a crawler travelling track to move the entire machine forward into the rock face.

The cutting head can be a general purpose rotating drum mounted in line or perpendicular to the boom, or can be special function heads such as jack-hammer like spikes, compression fracture micro-wheel heads like those on larger tunnel boring machines, a slicer head like a gigantic chain saw for dicing up rock, or simple jaw-like buckets of traditional excavators.

Skid Steer Loader (Engineering Vehicle)

A skid loader, skid-steer loader, or skidsteer, is a small rigid frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments

Skid-steer loaders are typically four-wheel vehicles with the wheels mechanically locked in synchronization on each side, and the left-side drive wheels can be driven independently of the right-side drive wheels. The wheels typically have no separate steering mechanism and hold a fixed straight alignment on the body of the machine. By turning the left and right wheel pairs at different speeds, the machine turns by skidding, or dragging its fixed-orientation wheels across the ground. The extremely rigid frame and strong wheel bearings prevent the torsional forces caused by this dragging motion from damaging the machine. The skid-steering vehicle is turned by generating differential velocity at the opposite sides of the vehicle. Like tracked vehicles, the high ground friction produced by skid steers can rip up soft or fragile road surfaces. They can be converted to low ground friction by using specially designed wheels such as the Mecanum wheel. Skid-steer loaders are capable of zero-radius, "pirouette" turning, which makes them extremely maneuverable and valuable for applications that require a compact, agile loader.

Unlike in a conventional front loader, the lift arms in these machines are alongside the driver with the pivot points behind the driver's shoulders. Because of the operator's proximity to moving booms, early skid loaders were not as safe as conventional front loaders, particularly during entry and exit of the operator. Modern skid loaders have fully enclosed cabs and other features to protect the operator. Like other front loaders, it can push material from one location to another, carry material in its bucket or load material into a truck or trailer.

Grader (Engineering Vehicle)

A grader is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface during the grading process. Characteristic models have three axles, with the engine and cab situated above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in between them. In certain countries, for example in Germany, almost every grader is equipped with a second blade that is placed in front of the front axle. Some construction personnel refer to the entire machine as "The Blade". Capacities range from a blade width of 2.50 to 7.30 m and engines from 93–373 kW. Certain graders can operate more than one attachments, or be used for separate tasks like underground mining.

In civil engineering, the grader's purpose is to refine or set precisely the "rough grading" performed by heavy equipment or engineering vehicles such as scrapers and bulldozers.

Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of dirt roads and gravel roads. In the construction of paved roads they are used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat surface for the asphalt to be placed on. Graders are also used to set native soil foundation pads to finish grade prior to the construction of large buildings. Graders can produce inclined surfaces, for banking of roads.

A more recent innovation is the outfitting of graders with GPS technology, such as manufactured by Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., Trimble Navigation, Leica Geosystems or Mikrofyn for precise grade control and potentially stakeless construction.

Hitachi EX-3600 Compact Excavator